"Silk Road Journey: A Himalayan Adventure"

Introduction: Embark on an awe-inspiring journey along the ancient Silk Road in this captivating chapter, where vivid descriptions and cultural encounters unfold against the breathtaking backdrop of the Himalayas. Join the narrator as they navigate the challenges and wonders of the rugged terrain, encountering nomadic tribes, wildlife, and mystical landscapes.

Chapter Highlights:

1. Farewell Gift from Lhamo: Explore the cultural exchange as Lhamo, a local resident, presents the narrator with a thoughtful farewell gift, a long-sleeved sheepskin coat, adding warmth to the journey towards Mount Kailash.

2. Tsetan's Shortcut and Challenges: Delve into the adventure as Tsetan, the guide, takes an unconventional shortcut, offering a unique perspective of the Changtang region. Discover the challenges faced, including encounters with wild ass herds and the need to navigate snowy mountain passes.

3. Nomadic Life and Tibetan Mastiffs: Witness the nomadic lifestyle with descriptions of isolated tents guarded by fearless Tibetan mastiffs. Uncover the historical significance of these majestic dogs, once tributes along the Silk Road and hunting companions in imperial courts.

4. High-Altitude Perils: Experience the thrill and risks of high-altitude travel as the journey reaches heights exceeding 5,000 meters. Encounter snow blockages, navigate treacherous roads, and witness the resilience of the human spirit against the backdrop of snow-capped mountains.

5. Cultural Traditions at Mountain Pass: Explore the spiritual aspect of the journey as the narrator and companions reach a mountain pass marked by a cairn adorned with silk scarves and prayer flags. Delve into the cultural significance of clockwise circumambulation and the beauty of ancient traditions.

6. Darchen's Contrasts: Contrast the author's expectations with the reality of Hor and Darchen, experiencing the stark beauty of Lake Manasarovar against the backdrop of a grim town. Witness the changing perceptions as the narrative unfolds.

7. Meeting Norbu: Encounter Norbu, a Tibetan academic, adding a new dimension to the journey. Witness the fusion of academic curiosity and spiritual pilgrimage as the characters consider collaborating on the sacred kora around Mount Kailash.

8. Health Challenges and Tibetan Medicine: Navigate the narrator's health challenges in Darchen, including the effects of altitude and a cold. Follow the journey to a Tibetan medical college, where traditional medicine and cultural practices converge to address health concerns.

9. Culmination in Darchen: Reflect on the culmination of the chapter in Darchen, a town with both challenges and charm. Witness the anticipation of the upcoming pilgrimage season and the convergence of diverse characters in this Himalayan enclave.

Conclusion: "Silk Road Journey" offers a rich tapestry of experiences, blending cultural exploration, natural wonders, and personal challenges into a vivid narrative. This chapter serves as a gateway to the mystical landscapes of the Himalayas, inviting readers to join the adventure and explore the profound connections between history, spirituality, and the timeless allure of the Silk Road.

Summary

The passage describes the author's journey from Ravu to Darchen, with a focus on the challenges faced during the trip. Lhamo, a local, gives the author a sheepskin coat as a farewell gift. The journey involves crossing mountain passes, encountering wildlife like gazelles and wild asses, and navigating rough terrain.

Tsetan, the author's guide, encounters challenges like snowy patches on the road. At one point, they encounter a snow-covered stretch where the car could potentially overturn due to the icy layer. They manage to traverse it safely with some effort. The journey takes them to high altitudes, with the author experiencing headaches due to the altitude.

They reach Lake Manasarovar and the town of Hor, which is described as grim and desolate. The author's cold worsens, and he struggles with sleeping at high altitudes. Tsetan takes him to a medical college in Darchen, where a Tibetan doctor diagnoses a cold and altitude-related effects. The author receives Tibetan medicine and begins to feel better after a night's sleep.

Darchen, despite its initial unpleasantness, looks better to the author after a good night's sleep. The author contemplates the upcoming pilgrimage around Mount Kailash, known as the kora. The town lacks pilgrims, and the author meets Norbu, a Tibetan academic, who expresses interest in doing the kora with him.

Norbu suggests they hire yaks to carry their luggage, and the author sees him as a potentially suitable companion for the trek. The passage ends with the anticipation of the upcoming pilgrimage and the possibility of Norbu and the author forming a team for the journey.

MCQ’S

1. What did Lhamo give the narrator as a farewell present?

   • A. Prayer flags

   • B. Long-sleeved sheepskin coat

   • C. Tibetan mastiff

   • D. Silk scarves

2. Why did Tsetan take a shortcut on the journey?

   • A. To avoid wildlife

   • B. To reach Mount Kailash faster

   • C. To experience snowy landscapes

   • D. To visit a nomadic settlement

3. What was the reaction of the wild ass herd to the approaching vehicle?

   • A. They attacked the vehicle

   • B. They ignored the vehicle

   • C. They bounded away in formation

   • D. They circled the vehicle

4. What historical significance is mentioned about Tibetan mastiffs in the text?

   • A. They were symbols of peace

   • B. They were brought along the Silk Road as tribute

   • C. They were used for agricultural purposes

   • D. They were pets of nomadic tribes

5. How did the author and Tsetan overcome the snowy patches on the road?

   • A. They waited for the snow to melt

   • B. They spread dirt on the snow

   • C. They used tire chains

   • D. They turned back and took an alternative route

6. At what altitude did the author experience a snow blockage on the road?

   • A. 5,210 meters

   • B. 5,400 meters

   • C. 5,515 meters

   • D. 5,600 meters

7. What was the significance of the cairn at the top of the pass?

   • A. It marked the end of the journey

   • B. It symbolized a sacred site

   • C. It was a resting place for travelers

   • D. It indicated a dangerous turn in the road

8. How did the author's physical condition change in Darchen?

   • A. Improved after a good night's sleep

   • B. Worsened due to altitude sickness

   • C. Remained unchanged

   • D. Improved after taking Tibetan medicine

9. What role did Norbu play in the author's journey?

   • A. He was a nomadic guide

   • B. He was a truck driver

   • C. He was an academic joining the kora

   • D. He was a local chef

10. How did Tsetan humorously express his perspective on the author's well-being?

    • A. He said it would be bad for tourism

    • B. He believed the author would live forever

    • C. He didn't care about the author's well-being

    • D. He advised the author to be cautious of Tibetan mastiffs

Characters:

The provided text does not explicitly introduce characters by name, and the narrator mainly focuses on personal experiences and encounters during the journey. However, there are a few individuals mentioned. Here are the main characters based on the information available:

1. Narrator/Author:

   • The narrator is the main character, providing a first-person perspective on the travelogue.

   • Described as undertaking a journey from Ravu to Mount Kailash to complete the kora.

   • Experiences challenges such as altitude sickness and a cold during the journey.

2. Lhamo:

   • A local individual from Ravu who gives the narrator a farewell present of a long-sleeved sheepskin coat.

   • Acts as a connection between the narrator and the local culture.

3. Tsetan:

   • The narrator's guide and driver during the journey.

   • Familiar with the route, including shortcuts and challenging mountain passes.

   • Plays a crucial role in navigating obstacles like snowy patches on the road.

4. Daniel:

   • Mentioned briefly as the person through whom the narrator communicates with Lhamo.

   • Accompanies the narrator during parts of the journey but later separates.

5. Norbu:

   • Introduced later in the narrative as a Tibetan academic.

   • Expresses interest in doing the kora with the narrator.

   • Works at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the Institute of Ethnic Literature.

   • Described as ill-equipped for the pilgrimage, providing a contrast to traditional pilgrims.

These characters contribute to the overall narrative, adding cultural context, guidance, and companionship to the narrator's journey through the challenging terrain and high altitudes of Tibet.

Understanding the text

Give reasons for the following statements:

1. The article has been titled 'Silk Road.'

2. Tibetan mastiffs were popular In China's Imperial courts.

3. The author's experience at Hor was in stark contrast to earlier accounts of the place.

4. The author was disappointed With Darchen.

5. The author thought that his positive thinking worked well after all.

Briefly comment on

1.     The purpose of the author's journey to Mount Kailash.

2.     The author's physical condition in Darchen.

3.     The author's meeting with Norbu.

4.     Tsetan's support to the author during the journey.

5.     "As a Buddhist, he told me, he knew that it didn't really matter if I passed away, but he thought it would be bad for business."

Answers:

1. Purpose of the Journey to Mount Kailash:

   • The author's journey to Mount Kailash appears to be driven by a spiritual or personal quest, as indicated by the desire to complete the kora. The kora is a circumambulation or pilgrimage around Mount Kailash, a sacred site in Tibetan Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Bon. The author's intent seems rooted in seeking a meaningful and transformative experience tied to the cultural and religious significance of the destination.

2. Author's Physical Condition in Darchen:

   • In Darchen, the author's physical condition is initially described as challenging due to a cold and difficulties sleeping at high altitudes. However, after seeking medical attention and receiving Tibetan medicine, the author experiences improvement, allowing for a better night's sleep. The transformation in physical well-being contributes to a more positive outlook on the town.

3. Author's Meeting with Norbu:

   • The author's meeting with Norbu is significant as it introduces a potential companion for the kora. Norbu, a Tibetan academic with knowledge about the significance of the kora, brings enthusiasm and a shared interest in escaping academic life for a spiritual journey. This encounter alters the author's prospects for the pilgrimage, creating the possibility of a collaborative and meaningful trek.

4. Tsetan's Support During the Journey:

   • Tsetan plays a crucial role as the author's guide and driver during the journey. His knowledge of the terrain, familiarity with the route, and ability to navigate challenges like snowy patches contribute to the author's progress. Tsetan's support is evident in the successful traversal of difficult terrain and handling of unexpected obstacles, showcasing the importance of a reliable guide in such expeditions.

5. Tsetan's Buddhist Perspective on the Author's Well-being:

   • Tsetan's statement reflects a Buddhist perspective on life and death. While acknowledging the impermanence of life, Tsetan humorously remarks that as a Buddhist, it doesn't matter to him if the author passes away. However, he adds a practical touch, stating that it would be bad for business. This statement blends spirituality with a pragmatic awareness of the journey's risks, providing insight into Tsetan's worldview and the context of their relationship.

Discussion:

1. The Sensitive Behaviour of Hill-Folk:

• The text suggests that the hill-folk, particularly Lhamo, exhibit sensitive behavior by presenting the narrator with a farewell gift - a long-sleeved sheepskin coat. This act reflects a deep understanding of the narrator's journey and a desire to ensure their comfort and well-being in the challenging conditions ahead. The sensitivity portrayed by the hill-folk in this instance demonstrates a connection to their environment and a keen awareness of the needs of others, emphasizing the communal and supportive nature often found in close-knit communities residing in remote areas.

2. Reasons for Enduring Difficult Journeys:

• The text alludes to the idea that people willingly undergo the travails of challenging journeys for various reasons, especially when it comes to undertaking a pilgrimage like the kora around Mount Kailash. The motivation appears rooted in spiritual or personal growth, seeking transformative experiences, and connecting with cultural or religious significance. The journey becomes a means of self-discovery, a test of endurance, and an opportunity for reflection. Additionally, historical and trade routes like the Silk Road might have seen travelers enduring hardships for economic, cultural, or exploratory purposes.

3. Accounts of Exotic Places in Legends and Reality:

• The passage touches on the theme of legends and the reality of exotic places, particularly when describing the author's experience at Hor. The contrast between the author's perception and the earlier accounts of Hor in legends or historical narratives emphasizes the subjective nature of storytelling. It underscores how personal experiences and cultural contexts shape the interpretation of a place. The gap between expectation and reality highlights the complexity of representing exotic locales, demonstrating that the allure of a legendary place may not always align with the lived experience of a traveller. This duality adds depth to the narrative and prompts reflection on the intersection of myth and reality in travel writing.

Thinking about language

 Notice the kind of English Tsetan uses while talking to the author. How do you think he picked it up?

 What do the following utterances indicate?

         (i) "I told her, through Daniel .

  (ii) "It's a cold," he said finally through Tsetan.

…………………………………………………………………….

Tsetan's Use of English: Tsetan's use of English seems to be limited, and he may not be fully fluent in the language. The communication may be basic, relying on a set of phrases and expressions necessary for guiding tourists or engaging in essential conversations. The text doesn't explicitly indicate how Tsetan picked up English, but it's possible he learned it through interactions with tourists, especially considering his role as a guide. Exposure to travelers and the necessity of communicating with them might have contributed to his language skills.

Utterances:

1. "I told her, through Daniel":

   • This utterance suggests that the narrator communicated with Lhamo through Daniel. Tsetan likely played the role of an interpreter or intermediary between the narrator and Lhamo. It implies that Tsetan has some proficiency in translation or facilitating communication between individuals who speak different languages.

2. "It's a cold," he said finally through Tsetan:

   • In this statement, Tsetan is serving as a translator for the Tibetan doctor. The phrase "through Tsetan" indicates that Tsetan is relaying the doctor's words to the author. This reinforces Tsetan's role as a linguistic bridge, facilitating communication between the author and individuals who may not speak English fluently. It also emphasizes the importance of Tsetan as a guide who can assist in overcoming language barriers during the journey.

Guess the meaning of the following words:

 kora

 drokba

 kyang

 In which language are these words found?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Kora:

   • "Kora" is a term used in Tibetan Buddhism to refer to a circumambulation or pilgrimage around a sacred site. In this context, the author mentions heading towards Mount Kailash to complete the kora, indicating a spiritual journey around this revered mountain.

2. Drokba:

   • "Drokba" is likely a term in Tibetan, and from the context, it appears to refer to the local people or nomads. In the passage, Tsetan uses the term when addressing the author, suggesting that it might be a designation for the inhabitants of the region.

3. Kyang:

   • "Kyang" is another term that seems to be in Tibetan. In the passage, Tsetan uses it to point out a far-off pall of dust, indicating the presence of a herd of wild ass. It likely refers to the wild ass mentioned in the text.

These words are found in Tibetan, reflecting the cultural and geographical context of the journey described in the travelogue. They are indicative of the region's unique language and traditions.

Extra questions:

1. What was the nature of the farewell present that Lhamo gave to the narrator, and why did she suggest it?

2. How did Tsetan contribute to the journey by taking a shortcut, and what challenges did they face on this route?

3. Describe the encounter with the herd of wild ass and the reaction of the animals to the approaching vehicle.

4. How did the Tibetan mastiffs react to the narrator's vehicle, and what historical significance is mentioned about these dogs in the text?

5. What challenges did the author face due to snowy patches on the road, and how did they overcome these obstacles?

6. At what altitude did the author experience a snow blockage on the road, and what precautions did they take before proceeding?

7. What was the significance of the large cairn marked with white silk scarves and ragged prayer flags at the top of the pass?

8. How did the author's physical condition change in Darchen, and what steps did they take to address their health concerns?

9. What role did Norbu play in the author's journey, and how did their meeting impact the plans for the pilgrimage?

10. How does Tsetan's Buddhist perspective influence his attitude toward the author's well-being, as mentioned in the text?

Answer to the extra questions:

1. What was the nature of the farewell present that Lhamo gave to the narrator, and why did she suggest it?

   • Lhamo gave the narrator a long-sleeved sheepskin coat as a farewell present. She suggested it because the narrator had mentioned heading towards Mount Kailash, and she wanted to ensure they had warmer clothing for the journey.

2. How did Tsetan contribute to the journey by taking a shortcut, and what challenges did they face on this route?

   • Tsetan took a shortcut southwest towards Mount Kailash, crossing high mountain passes. The challenges included the uncertainty of encountering snow on the route, and they faced obstacles such as snowy patches that required careful navigation.

3. Describe the encounter with the herd of wild ass and the reaction of the animals to the approaching vehicle.

   • The narrator and Tsetan encountered a herd of wild ass galloping en masse. The animals reacted by wheeling and turning in tight formation as if practicing maneuvers. They would frown and bound away into the void upon the approach of the vehicle.

4. How did the Tibetan mastiffs react to the narrator's vehicle, and what historical significance is mentioned about these dogs in the text?

   • Tibetan mastiffs, fierce dogs guarding nomads' tents, reacted fearlessly to the vehicle. They would charge towards it, barking furiously. The text mentions the historical significance of Tibetan mastiffs as hunting dogs brought along the Silk Road in ancient times as tribute from Tibet.

5. What challenges did the author face due to snowy patches on the road, and how did they overcome these obstacles?

   • The author faced challenges when encountering snowy patches on the road. The snowy top layer posed a risk of the vehicle slipping. To overcome this, they spread soil on the snow, making it less slippery, and proceeded cautiously.

6. At what altitude did the author experience a snow blockage on the road, and what precautions did they take before proceeding?

   • The author experienced a snow blockage at 5,210 meters above sea level. Before proceeding, they spread dirt on the snowy surface to improve traction, ensuring the vehicle could pass without difficulty.

7. What was the significance of the large cairn marked with white silk scarves and ragged prayer flags at the top of the pass?

   • The large cairn at the top of the pass marked a significant point in the journey. It was adorned with white silk scarves and ragged prayer flags, symbolizing the spiritual and cultural importance of the location. The tradition of circumambulating the cairn in a clockwise direction is mentioned.

8. How did the author's physical condition change in Darchen, and what steps did they take to address their health concerns?

   • In Darchen, the author initially faced health issues, including a cold and difficulties sleeping at high altitudes. They sought medical attention at the Darchen medical college, received Tibetan medicine, and started a course to address the health issues.

9. What role did Norbu play in the author's journey, and how did their meeting impact the plans for the pilgrimage?

   • Norbu, a Tibetan academic, expressed interest in doing the kora and joined the author. Their meeting impacted the plans for the pilgrimage, creating the possibility of a collaborative and meaningful trek. Norbu's enthusiasm and shared interest in the spiritual journey added a new dimension to the author's experience.

10. How does Tsetan's Buddhist perspective influence his attitude toward the author's well-being, as mentioned in the text?

    • Tsetan, as a Buddhist, expressed that it wouldn't matter much to him if the author passed away. However, he humorously added that it would be bad for business. This reflects a blend of Buddhist philosophy acknowledging impermanence and a practical awareness of the risks involved in the journey.

Answers to the MCQ’S

1. B. Long-sleeved sheepskin coat

2. B. To reach Mount Kailash faster

3. C. They bounded away in formation

4. B. They were brought along the Silk Road as tribute

5. B. They spread dirt on the snow

6. A. 5,210 meters

7. B. It symbolized a sacred site

8. D. Improved after taking Tibetan medicine

9. C. He was an academic joining the kora

10. A. He said it would be bad for tourism